INCIDENCE AND TYPES OF HIV-1 DRUG RESISTANCE MUTATION AMONG PATIENTS FAILING FIRST-LINE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY

Incidence and types of HIV-1 drug resistance mutation among patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy

Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence and types of drug resistance mutations among patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART).Methods: Plasma samples from 112 patients with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) were collected for virus RNA extract and gene amplification.The mutations related to drug resistance were

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Sindbis virus neutralising antibodies detected in Swedish horses

A number of viruses transmitted by mosquitoes are well known to cause disease in both humans and horses, ranging from mild fevers to mortal neurological disease.A recently discovered connection between the alphavirus Sindbis virus (SINV) and neurological disease in horses in South Africa initiated this serological study in northern Europe, where th

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MLVA based classification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex lineages for a robust phylogeographic snapshot of its worldwide molecular diversity.

Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) is useful to establish transmission routes and sources of infections for various microorganisms including Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC).The recently released SITVITWEB database contains 12-loci Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units--Variable Number of Tandem DNA Repeats (

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